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[[file:Connection.png|right|frame|Web Science<ref>http://www.flaticon.com/</ref>]]
[[file:Connection.png|right|frame|Web Science<ref>http://www.flaticon.com/</ref>]]


= Components of a Web Page =
= Components of a Web Page =


A web page is composed of various components that work together to display content in a structured and interactive way. These components can be broadly categorized into the **head**, **body**, and **optional external resources**.
A web page is composed of various components that work together to display content in a structured and interactive way. These components can be broadly categorized into the head, body, and optional external resources.


== 1. Document Structure ==
== 1. Document Structure ==
* HTML Tag (`<html>`):
* HTML Tag:
   * The root element that encompasses the entire web page.
   * The root element that encompasses the entire web page.
   * Specifies the language of the document using the `lang` attribute (e.g., `<html lang="en">`).
   * Specifies the language of the document using the `lang` attribute (e.g., `lang="en"`).


== 2. Head Section (`<head>`) ==
== 2. Head Section ==
Contains metadata and resources needed for the web page but not directly visible to users.
Contains metadata and resources needed for the web page but not directly visible to users.


=== Meta Tags (`<meta>`) ===
=== Meta Tags ===
* Provide metadata about the document.
* Provide metadata about the document.
* Examples:
* Examples:
   * Charset: Specifies the character encoding (e.g., `<meta charset="UTF-8">`).
   * Charset: Specifies the character encoding (e.g., `UTF-8`).
   * Viewport: Controls the page's layout on different devices (e.g., `<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">`).
   * Viewport: Controls the page's layout on different devices (e.g., `width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0`).
   * Description: Brief summary of the page (e.g., `<meta name="description" content="This is a sample webpage.">`).
   * Description: Brief summary of the page (e.g., "This is a sample webpage.").


=== Title Tag (`<title>`) ===
=== Title Tag ===
* Defines the title of the document displayed in the browser tab or search engine results.
* Defines the title of the document displayed in the browser tab or search engine results.
* Example: `<title>My Sample Page</title>`.
* Example: "My Sample Page".


=== Link Tags (`<link>`) ===
=== Link Tags ===
* Used to link external resources like CSS stylesheets or icons.
* Used to link external resources like CSS stylesheets or icons.
* Example: `<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">`.
* Example: Stylesheet linking or favicon specification.


=== Script Tags (`<script>`) ===
=== Script Tags ===
* Include or link external JavaScript files.
* Include or link external JavaScript files.
* Example: `<script src="script.js"></script>`.
* Example: External or inline JavaScript.


=== Favicons ===
=== Favicons ===
* Specify the website's icon displayed in the browser tab.
* Specify the website's icon displayed in the browser tab.
* Example: `<link rel="icon" href="favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon">`.
* Example: Reference to a favicon file.


== 3. Body Section (`<body>`) ==
== 3. Body Section ==
The visible part of the web page, containing the main content and interactive elements.
The visible part of the web page, containing the main content and interactive elements.


=== Content Structure ===
=== Content Structure ===
* Headers (`<h1>` to `<h6>`):
* Headers:
   * Define headings, with `<h1>` being the most important and `<h6>` the least important.
   * Define headings, with different levels of importance.
* Paragraphs (`<p>`):
* Paragraphs:
   * Used for blocks of text.
   * Used for blocks of text.
* Lists:
* Lists:
   * **Ordered List (`<ol>`):** Displays numbered items.
   * Ordered List: Displays numbered items.
   * **Unordered List (`<ul>`):** Displays bulleted items.
   * Unordered List: Displays bulleted items.
   * **List Items (`<li>`):** Items within a list.
   * List Items: Items within a list.
* **Links (`<a>`):**
* Links:
   * Hyperlinks to other pages or resources.
   * Hyperlinks to other pages or resources.
  * Example: `<a href="https://example.com">Visit Example</a>`.
* Images:
* **Images (`<img>`):**
   * Embeds images into the content.
   * Embeds images.
  * Example: `<img src="image.jpg" alt="Sample Image">`.


=== Interactive Elements ===
=== Interactive Elements ===
* **Forms (`<form>`):**
* Forms:
   * Collect user input with fields like text boxes and buttons.
   * Collect user input with fields like text boxes and buttons.
   * Example:
   * Example: Simple forms with text input and submit button.
    ```
    <form action="/submit" method="POST">
      <input type="text" name="username" placeholder="Enter username">
      <button type="submit">Submit</button>
    </form>
```
 


* **Buttons (`<button>`):**
* Buttons:
   * Trigger actions or scripts.
   * Trigger actions or scripts.


== 4. External Resources ==
== 4. External Resources ==
* **CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):**
* CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
   * Control the visual styling of the page.
   * Control the visual styling of the page.
  * Linked via `<link>` tags or embedded within `<style>` tags.
* JavaScript:
 
* **JavaScript:**
   * Adds interactivity and dynamic behavior.
   * Adds interactivity and dynamic behavior.
  * Linked via `<script>` tags or written inline.
* External Libraries or APIs:
 
   * Include frameworks like Bootstrap or external JavaScript APIs.
* **External Libraries or APIs:**
   * Include frameworks like Bootstrap or external JavaScript APIs like Google Maps.


== 5. Closing Tags ==
== 5. Closing Tags ==
* Ensure all open tags are closed properly to maintain valid HTML structure.
* Ensure all open tags are closed properly to maintain valid HTML structure.
* Example:
  * `<html>`, `<head>`, and `<body>` tags must all be closed.
```
```
== Do you understand this? ==
== Do you understand this? ==
From the IB: To include features such as meta- tags, title, etc.
From the IB: To include features such as meta- tags, title, etc.

Latest revision as of 14:23, 25 November 2024


Web Science[1]


Components of a Web Page[edit]

A web page is composed of various components that work together to display content in a structured and interactive way. These components can be broadly categorized into the head, body, and optional external resources.

1. Document Structure[edit]

  • HTML Tag:
 * The root element that encompasses the entire web page.
 * Specifies the language of the document using the `lang` attribute (e.g., `lang="en"`).

2. Head Section[edit]

Contains metadata and resources needed for the web page but not directly visible to users.

Meta Tags[edit]

  • Provide metadata about the document.
  • Examples:
 * Charset: Specifies the character encoding (e.g., `UTF-8`).
 * Viewport: Controls the page's layout on different devices (e.g., `width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0`).
 * Description: Brief summary of the page (e.g., "This is a sample webpage.").

Title Tag[edit]

  • Defines the title of the document displayed in the browser tab or search engine results.
  • Example: "My Sample Page".

Link Tags[edit]

  • Used to link external resources like CSS stylesheets or icons.
  • Example: Stylesheet linking or favicon specification.

Script Tags[edit]

  • Include or link external JavaScript files.
  • Example: External or inline JavaScript.

Favicons[edit]

  • Specify the website's icon displayed in the browser tab.
  • Example: Reference to a favicon file.

3. Body Section[edit]

The visible part of the web page, containing the main content and interactive elements.

Content Structure[edit]

  • Headers:
 * Define headings, with different levels of importance.
  • Paragraphs:
 * Used for blocks of text.
  • Lists:
 * Ordered List: Displays numbered items.
 * Unordered List: Displays bulleted items.
 * List Items: Items within a list.
  • Links:
 * Hyperlinks to other pages or resources.
  • Images:
 * Embeds images into the content.

Interactive Elements[edit]

  • Forms:
 * Collect user input with fields like text boxes and buttons.
 * Example: Simple forms with text input and submit button.
  • Buttons:
 * Trigger actions or scripts.

4. External Resources[edit]

  • CSS (Cascading Style Sheets):
 * Control the visual styling of the page.
  • JavaScript:
 * Adds interactivity and dynamic behavior.
  • External Libraries or APIs:
 * Include frameworks like Bootstrap or external JavaScript APIs.

5. Closing Tags[edit]

  • Ensure all open tags are closed properly to maintain valid HTML structure.

```

Do you understand this?[edit]

From the IB: To include features such as meta- tags, title, etc.

Standards[edit]

These standards are used from the IB Computer Science Subject Guide[2]

  • Outline the different components of a web page.

References[edit]

  1. ↑ http://www.flaticon.com/
  2. ↑ IB Diploma Programme Computer science guide (first examinations 2014). Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom: International Baccalaureate Organization. January 2012.

Credit sources of information used by referencing (or citing) following one recognized referencing system. References should be included in the text and also at the end of the piece of work in a reference list or bibliography.

Give the precise meaning of a word, phrase, concept or physical quantity.

Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.

Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.

Give a brief account.

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