Application of databases

Students must be able to create a database management system (DBMS) and relational database management system (RDBMS) considering one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many relationships.[edit]

To create a database management system (DBMS) and relational database management system (RDBMS), you will need to consider the relationships between the data that you want to store. There are three main types of relationships: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many.

Here is an overview of each type of relationship:

One-to-one: In a one-to-one relationship, each record in one table is related to exactly one record in another table. For example, you might have a table of employees and a table of their addresses, where each employee has one address.
One-to-many: In a one-to-many relationship, each record in one table is related to one or more records in another table. For example, you might have a table of customers and a table of orders, where each customer can have multiple orders.
Many-to-many: In a many-to-many relationship, each record in one table is related to one or more records in another table, and each record in the second table is also related to one or more records in the first table. For example, you might have a table of students and a table of courses, where each student can take multiple courses and each course can have multiple students.

To create a DBMS and RDBMS, you will need to design the tables and relationships that make up the database. This will involve defining the data types and attributes of each table, and specifying the relationships between the tables using foreign keys. You will also need to consider the constraints and rules that should be applied to the data, such as uniqueness, nullability, and referential integrity.

Once you have designed the database, you can use a DBMS or RDBMS software tool to create and manage the database. This will typically involve creating the tables and relationships in the database, as well as writing SQL (Structured Query Language) queries to insert, update, and retrieve data from the database.

Students must be able to use a range of management functions and tools available within a DBMS by focusing on the creation, manipulation and interrogation of a database.[edit]

There are a range of management functions and tools available within a database management system (DBMS) that can be used to create, manipulate, and interrogate a database. Some examples of these functions and tools include:

SQL (Structured Query Language): SQL is a programming language that is used to create, modify, and query databases. It is the standard language for interacting with most DBMSs and is used to perform a wide range of tasks, including creating tables and relationships, inserting and updating data, and retrieving data from the database.
Data definition language (DDL): DDL is a set of SQL commands that are used to define the structure of a database, including the tables, columns, and relationships between them. Examples of DDL commands include CREATE, ALTER, and DROP.
Data manipulation language (DML): DML is a set of SQL commands that are used to manipulate data in a database, including inserting, updating, and deleting records. Examples of DML commands include INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE.
Data control language (DCL): DCL is a set of SQL commands that are used to control access to a database, including granting and revoking permissions and creating and managing users and roles. Examples of DCL commands include GRANT, REVOKE, and CREATE USER.
Data query language (DQL): DQL is a set of SQL commands that are used to retrieve data from a database. Examples of DQL commands include SELECT and SET.
Data dictionary: A data dictionary is a collection of metadata about a database, including definitions of tables, columns, and relationships. A data dictionary can be used to document the structure and content of a database, as well as to manage the database itself.

By using these management functions and tools, you can create, manipulate, and interrogate a database to store, organize, and retrieve data in a structured and efficient way.

Students must be able to use appropriate DBMS features to secure the database such as data validation, access rights and data locking.[edit]

Students must be able to: create table(s), record(s), field(s), primary key, secondary key, foreign key, composite primary key, forms, queries, and reports in the context of a database; and justify the selection of a particular data type in a specified situation, for example, integer or floating point.[edit]

Students must be able to implement data verification and create validation methods appropriate to a given context.[edit]

Students must be able to normalise a database by creating 1st Normal Form (1NF), 2nd Normal Form (2NF) and 3rd Normal form (3NF).[edit]

Students must be able to construct entity-relationship diagrams appropriate to a given context.[edit]

Students must be able to: create forms for inputting data, simple and complex queries to access data in a file, and create reports for a given purpose; use Boolean operators such as AND, OR, NOT, create parameter queries and create derived fields; and discuss the language as a tool for data interrogation, for example, writing queries on SQL.[edit]

Students must be able to import data from a sequential file to a random access database file, and export the data back into a sequential file after processing.[edit]