Case-based reasoning
Artificial Intelligence[1]
In case-based reasoning, the cognitive agent addresses new problems by tweaking solutions to existing problems.
Case-based reasoning (CBR), broadly construed, is the process of solving new problems based on the solutions of similar past problems. An auto mechanic who fixes an engine by recalling another car that exhibited similar symptoms is using case-based reasoning.[2]
The problem we are trying to solve here is what happens when you are confronted with a new situation and you don't have a good past-case to solve the new problem.