Mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing

Web Science^[1]

Mobile computing refers to the use of portable devices, such as smartphones and laptops, to access and process data and connect to networks while on the go. Mobile computing devices are typically lightweight, portable, and have the ability to connect to wireless networks.

Ubiquitous computing refers to the idea of having computing power and connectivity available anywhere, at any time. This can be achieved through the use of small, interconnected devices and sensors that are embedded in the environment, such as smart thermostats, smart homes, and smart cities.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are decentralized networks where computers or devices connect directly to each other to share resources and information, rather than relying on a central server. P2P networks can be used for a variety of purposes, such as file sharing, online gaming, and decentralized applications.

Grid computing refers to the use of a network of computers to work together to perform a common task, such as data processing or scientific simulations. Grid computing systems are designed to be scalable and flexible, and they can be used to solve problems that require a lot of computing power or that need to be completed quickly.

In summary, mobile computing involves portable devices that can access and process data on the go, ubiquitous computing involves the integration of computing power and connectivity into the environment, P2P networks are decentralized networks that allow computers to connect and share resources directly, and grid computing involves the use of a network of computers to work together to solve complex problems.

Area	Characteristics
mobile computing	Mobile computing is human–computer interaction by which a computer is expected to be transported during normal usage, which allows for transmission of data, voice and video ^[2] Portability: Devices/nodes connected within the mobile computing system should facilitate mobility. These devices may have limited device capabilities and limited power supply, but should have a sufficient processing capability and physical portability to operate in a movable environment. Connectivity: This defines the quality of service (QoS) of the network connectivity. In a mobile computing system, the network availability is expected to be maintained at a high level with the minimal amount of lag/downtime without being affected by the mobility of the connected nodes. Interactivity: The nodes belonging to a mobile computing system are connected with one another to communicate and collaborate through active transactions of data. Individuality: A portable device or a mobile node connected to a mobile network often denote an individual; a mobile computing system should be able to adopt the technology to cater the individual needs and also to obtain contextual information of each node.
ubiquitous computing	Ubiquitous computing is a concept in software engineering and computer science where computing is made to appear anytime and everywhere. ^[3]
peer-2-peer network	Peer-to-peer (P2P) computing or networking is: a distributed application architecture which partitions tasks or workloads between peers peers are equally privileged peers are equipotent peers form a peer-to-peer network of nodes peers make a portion of their resources, such as processing power, disk storage or network bandwidth, directly available to other network participants, without the need for central coordination by servers or stable hosts. peers are both suppliers and consumers of resource. ^[4]
grid computing	grid computing is the collection of computer resources from multiple locations to reach a common goal the grid can be thought of as a distributed system with non-interactive workloads involve a large number of files.^[5]

Standards[edit]

These standards are used from the IB Computer Science Subject Guide^[6]

Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing.
Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing.

References[edit]

↑ http://www.flaticon.com/
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer
↑ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_computing
↑ IB Diploma Programme Computer science guide (first examinations 2014). Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom: International Baccalaureate Organization. January 2012.

[1] ttp://www.flaticon.com/

[2] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_computing

[3] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitous_computing

[4] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peer-to-peer

[5] ttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_computing

[6] IB Diploma Programme Computer science guide (first examinations 2014). Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom: International Baccalaureate Organization. January 2012.

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