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[[file:Connection.png|right|frame|Web Science<ref>http://www.flaticon.com/</ref>]]
[[file:Connection.png|right|frame|Web Science<ref>http://www.flaticon.com/</ref>]]


What is the web? How is the web made? This section delves into core components of the world-wide-web. If you are interested in building [[web applications]], please visit that course page.  
What is the web? How is the web made? This section delves into '''core components''' of the world-wide-web. It is likely you use the web every day. Like everything in computer science, we want you to understand the '''depth of this topic'''.  


== The big ideas in Web Science ==  
== The big ideas in Web Science ==  
=== Web Science ===
The world wide web is a complicated system, made of different parts. You will learn how these different parts work.


==== Creating the web  ====
=== Developing the Web ===
* C.1.1 Distinguish between the internet and World Wide Web (web). Level: 2
Please note this section is not linked the IB option of web science.  
* C.1.2 Describe how the web is constantly evolving. Level: 2
* C.1.3 Identify the characteristics of the following: HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS. Level: 2
* C.1.4 Identify the characteristics of a uniform resource identifier (URI) URL. Level: 2
* C.1.5 Describe the purpose of a URL. Level: 2
* C.1.6 Describe how a domain name server functions. Level: 2
* C.1.7 Identify the characteristics of the internet protocol (IP) transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP). Level: 2
* C.1.8 Outline the different components of a web page. Level: 2
* C.1.9 Explain the importance of protocols and standards on the web. Level: 3
* C.1.10 Describe the different types of web page. Level: 2
* C.1.11 Explain the differences between a static web page and a dynamic web page. Level: 3
* C.1.12 Explain the functions of a browser. Level: 3
* C.1.13 Evaluate the use of client-side scripting and server-side scripting in web pages. Level: 3
* C.1.14 Describe how web pages can be connected to underlying data sources. Level: 2
* C.1.15 Describe the function of the common gateway interface (CGI). Level: 2
* C.1.16 Evaluate the structure of different types of web pages. Level: 3


==== Searching the Web ====
* [[Local and remote hosts]]
* [[User interface mockups]]
* [[API]]
* [[JSON]]
* [[Web front-end libraries]] (also [[web frameworks]])


* C.2.1 Define the term search engine. Level: 1
Everything below this section IS linked to the IB computer science option.
* C.2.2 Distinguish between the surface web and the deep web. Level: 2
* C.2.3 Outline the principles of searching algorithms used by search engines. Level: 2
* C.2.4 Describe how a web crawler functions. Level: 2
* C.2.5 Discuss the relationship between data in a meta-tag and how it is accessed by a web crawler. Level: 3
* C.2.6 Discuss the use of parallel web crawling. Level: 3
* C.2.7 Outline the purpose of web-indexing in search engines. Level: 2
* C.2.8 Suggest how web developers can create pages that appear more prominently in search engine results. Level: 3
* C.2.9 Describe the different metrics used by search engines. Level: 2
* C.2.10 Explain why the effectiveness of a search engine is determined by the assumptions made when developing it. Level: 3
* C.2.11 Discuss the use of white hat and black hat search engine optimization. Level: 3
* C.2.12 Outline future challenges to search engines as the web continues to grow. Level: 2


==== Distributed approaches to the web ====
=== Creating the web ===
 
*  [[The internet and World Wide Web]]
*  [[How the web is evolving]]
*  [[HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS]]
*  [[Uniform resource identifier (URI) and URL]]
*  [[DNS]]
*  [[Network Protocols]]
*  [[Components of a web page]]
*  [[Protocols and standards on the web]]
*  [[Different types of web pages]]
*  [[Static web page and a dynamic web page]]
*  [[Web browsers]]
*  [[Client-side scripting and server-side scripting]]
* [[Connecting to underlying data sources]] ([[Databases]])
* [[Common gateway interface (CGI)]]
* [[Structure of different types of web pages]]
 
 
 
=== Searching the Web ===
*  [[Search engine]]
*  [[Principles of searching algorithms used by search engines]]
*  [[Web crawler functions]]
*  [[Meta-tags]]
*  [[Web-indexing]]
 
* [[Search engine optimization]]
* [[Future challenges to search engines]]
* [[Surface web and deep web]]
* [[Parallel web crawling]]
 
=== Distributed approaches to the web ===
 
* [[Content delivery network]]
* [[Mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing]]
* [[Interoperability and open standards]]
* [[Distributed networks]]
* [[Decentralization of the web]]
* [[lossless and lossy compression]]
* [[decompression software in the transfer of information]]
 
=== The evolving web ===
 
* [[Online interaction and social networking]]
* [[Cloud computing and client-server architecture]]
* [[Cloud computing for specified organizations]]
* [[Copyright and intellectual property on the web]]
* [[Privacy, identification and authentication]]
* [[Network architecture, protocols and standards in future development]]
* [[Unregulated monopolies]]
* [[The decentralized and democratic web]]
 
 
=== Analyzing the web ===


* C.3.1 Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing. Level: 1
* [[The web as a directed graph]]
* C.3.2 Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing. Level: 3
* [[Web graph and sub-graphs]]
* C.3.3 Distinguish between interoperability and open standards. Level: 2
* [[Graph theory and connectivity of the web]]
* C.3.4 Describe the range of hardware used by distributed networks. Level: 2
* [[Search engines, web crawling and web graph]]
* C.3.5 Explain why distributed systems may act as a catalyst to a greater decentralization of the web. Level: 3
* [[Power laws and predicting the development of the web]]
* C.3.6 Distinguish between lossless and lossy compression. Level: 2
* C.3.7 Evaluate the use of decompression software in the transfer of information. Level: 3


==== The evolving web ====  
=== Semantic web ===


* C.4.1 Discuss how the web has supported new methods of online interaction such as social networking. Level: 3
* [[Semantic Web]]
* C.4.2 Describe how cloud computing is different from a client-server architecture. Level: 2
* [[Text-web and the multimedia-web]]
* C.4.3 Discuss the effects of the use of cloud computing for specified organizations. Level: 3
* [[Ontology and folksonomy]]
* C.4.4 Discuss the management of issues such as copyright and intellectual property on the web. Level: 3
* [[Folksonomies and emergent social structures]]
* C.4.5 Describe the interrelationship between privacy, identification and authentication. Level: 2
* [[Expressivity and usability on the semantic web]]
* C.4.6 Describe the role of network architecture, protocols and standards in the future development of the web. Level: 2
* [[Methods of searching for information]]
* C.4.7 Explain why the web may be creating unregulated monopolies. Level: 3
* [[Ambient intelligence and collective intelligence]]
* C.4.8 Discuss the effects of a decentralized and democratic web. Level: 2


=== Extended Ideas (HL)  ===
== Standards ==
==== Analysing the web ====
==== Creating the Web ====
* C.5.1 Describe how the web can be represented as a directed graph. Level: 2
* Distinguish between the internet and World Wide Web (web).  
* C.5.2 Outline the difference between the web graph and sub-graphs. Level: 2
*  Describe how the web is constantly evolving.  
* C.5.3 Describe the main features of the web graph such as bowtie structure, strongly connected core (SCC), diameter. Level: 2
*  Identify the characteristics of the following: HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS.
* C.5.4 Explain the role of graph theory in determining the connectivity of the web. Level: 3
*  Identify the characteristics of a uniform resource identifier (URI) URL.
* C.5.5 Explain that search engines and web crawling use the web graph to access information. Level: 3
*  Describe the purpose of a URL.
* C.5.6 Discuss whether power laws are appropriate to predict the development of the web. Level: 3
Describe how a domain name server functions.
*  Identify the characteristics of the internet protocol (IP) transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP).
*  Outline the different components of a web page.
*  Explain the importance of protocols and standards on the web.
*  Describe the different types of web page.
*  Explain the differences between a static web page and a dynamic web page.
*  Explain the functions of a browser.
*  Evaluate the use of client-side scripting and server-side scripting in web pages.
*  Describe how web pages can be connected to underlying data sources.  
* Describe the function of the common gateway interface (CGI).  
*  Evaluate the structure of different types of web pages.  
==== Search ====
*  Define the term search engine.
*  Distinguish between the surface web and the deep web.
*  Outline the principles of searching algorithms used by search engines.
*  Describe how a web crawler functions.
*  Discuss the relationship between data in a meta-tag and how it is accessed by a web crawler.
*  Discuss the use of parallel web crawling.  
* Outline the purpose of web-indexing in search engines.  
*  Suggest how web developers can create pages that appear more prominently in search engine results.  
Describe the different metrics used by search engines.
*  Explain why the effectiveness of a search engine is determined by the assumptions made when developing it.
*  Discuss the use of white hat and black hat search engine optimization.
*  Outline future challenges to search engines as the web continues to grow.
==== Distributed approaches to the web ====
*  Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing.  
*  Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing.
* Distinguish between interoperability and open standards.  
*  Describe the range of hardware used by distributed networks.  
Explain why distributed systems may act as a catalyst to a greater decentralization of the web.
*  Distinguish between lossless and lossy compression.
*  Evaluate the use of decompression software in the transfer of information.
==== The evolving web ====
*  Discuss how the web has supported new methods of online interaction such as social networking.  
* Describe how cloud computing is different from a client-server architecture.  
*  Discuss the effects of the use of cloud computing for specified organizations.  
*  Discuss the management of issues such as copyright and intellectual property on the web.
*  Describe the interrelationship between privacy, identification and authentication.
*  Describe the role of network architecture, protocols and standards in the future development of the web.  
* Explain why the web may be creating unregulated monopolies.  
Discuss the effects of a decentralized and democratic web.
==== Analyzing the web ====


==== The Intelligent Web ====
*  Describe how the web can be represented as a directed graph.
*  Outline the difference between the web graph and sub-graphs.
*  Describe the main features of the web graph such as bowtie structure, strongly connected core (SCC), diameter.
*  Explain the role of graph theory in determining the connectivity of the web.
*  Explain that search engines and web crawling use the web graph to access information.
*  Discuss whether power laws are appropriate to predict the development of the web.


* C.6.1 Define the term semantic web. Level: 1
==== Semantic web ====
* C.6.2 Distinguish between the text-web and the multimedia-web. Level: 2
* C.6.3 Describe the aims of the semantic web. Level: 2
* C.6.4 Distinguish between an ontology and folksonomy. Level: 2
* C.6.5 Describe how folksonomies and emergent social structures are changing the web. Level: 2
* C.6.6 Explain why there needs to be a balance between expressivity and usability on the semantic web. Level: 3
* C.6.7 Evaluate methods of searching for information on the web. Level: 3
* C.6.8 Distinguish between ambient intelligence and collective intelligence. Level: 2
* C.6.9 Discuss how ambient intelligence can be used to support people. Level: 3
* C.6.10 Explain how collective intelligence can be applied to complex issues. Level: 3


*  Distinguish between the text-web and the multimedia-web.
*  Describe the aims of the semantic web.
*  Distinguish between an ontology and folksonomy.
*  Describe how folksonomies and emergent social structures are changing the web.
*  Explain why there needs to be a balance between expressivity and usability on the semantic web.
*  Evaluate methods of searching for information on the web.
*  Distinguish between ambient intelligence and collective intelligence.
*  Discuss how ambient intelligence can be used to support people.
*  Explain how collective intelligence can be applied to complex issues.


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 05:34, 28 September 2018

Web Science[1]

What is the web? How is the web made? This section delves into core components of the world-wide-web. It is likely you use the web every day. Like everything in computer science, we want you to understand the depth of this topic.

The big ideas in Web Science[edit]

Developing the Web[edit]

Please note this section is not linked the IB option of web science.

Everything below this section IS linked to the IB computer science option.

Creating the web[edit]


Searching the Web[edit]

Distributed approaches to the web[edit]

The evolving web[edit]


Analyzing the web[edit]

Semantic web[edit]

Standards[edit]

Creating the Web[edit]

  • Distinguish between the internet and World Wide Web (web).
  • Describe how the web is constantly evolving.
  • Identify the characteristics of the following: HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS.
  • Identify the characteristics of a uniform resource identifier (URI) URL.
  • Describe the purpose of a URL.
  • Describe how a domain name server functions.
  • Identify the characteristics of the internet protocol (IP) transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP).
  • Outline the different components of a web page.
  • Explain the importance of protocols and standards on the web.
  • Describe the different types of web page.
  • Explain the differences between a static web page and a dynamic web page.
  • Explain the functions of a browser.
  • Evaluate the use of client-side scripting and server-side scripting in web pages.
  • Describe how web pages can be connected to underlying data sources.
  • Describe the function of the common gateway interface (CGI).
  • Evaluate the structure of different types of web pages.

Search[edit]

  • Define the term search engine.
  • Distinguish between the surface web and the deep web.
  • Outline the principles of searching algorithms used by search engines.
  • Describe how a web crawler functions.
  • Discuss the relationship between data in a meta-tag and how it is accessed by a web crawler.
  • Discuss the use of parallel web crawling.
  • Outline the purpose of web-indexing in search engines.
  • Suggest how web developers can create pages that appear more prominently in search engine results.
  • Describe the different metrics used by search engines.
  • Explain why the effectiveness of a search engine is determined by the assumptions made when developing it.
  • Discuss the use of white hat and black hat search engine optimization.
  • Outline future challenges to search engines as the web continues to grow.

Distributed approaches to the web[edit]

  • Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing.
  • Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing.
  • Distinguish between interoperability and open standards.
  • Describe the range of hardware used by distributed networks.
  • Explain why distributed systems may act as a catalyst to a greater decentralization of the web.
  • Distinguish between lossless and lossy compression.
  • Evaluate the use of decompression software in the transfer of information.

The evolving web[edit]

  • Discuss how the web has supported new methods of online interaction such as social networking.
  • Describe how cloud computing is different from a client-server architecture.
  • Discuss the effects of the use of cloud computing for specified organizations.
  • Discuss the management of issues such as copyright and intellectual property on the web.
  • Describe the interrelationship between privacy, identification and authentication.
  • Describe the role of network architecture, protocols and standards in the future development of the web.
  • Explain why the web may be creating unregulated monopolies.
  • Discuss the effects of a decentralized and democratic web.

Analyzing the web[edit]

  • Describe how the web can be represented as a directed graph.
  • Outline the difference between the web graph and sub-graphs.
  • Describe the main features of the web graph such as bowtie structure, strongly connected core (SCC), diameter.
  • Explain the role of graph theory in determining the connectivity of the web.
  • Explain that search engines and web crawling use the web graph to access information.
  • Discuss whether power laws are appropriate to predict the development of the web.

Semantic web[edit]

  • Distinguish between the text-web and the multimedia-web.
  • Describe the aims of the semantic web.
  • Distinguish between an ontology and folksonomy.
  • Describe how folksonomies and emergent social structures are changing the web.
  • Explain why there needs to be a balance between expressivity and usability on the semantic web.
  • Evaluate methods of searching for information on the web.
  • Distinguish between ambient intelligence and collective intelligence.
  • Discuss how ambient intelligence can be used to support people.
  • Explain how collective intelligence can be applied to complex issues.

References[edit]