Programming

Programming

Introduction to programming

Programming is the process of planning, writing, executing and testing instructions for a computer system.

• What is a programming language?
  • Fundamental and compound operations
  • Higher level and lower level languages
  • Interpreted and compiled languages

Learning to Program

• Inputs and outputs
• Variables
• Functions
• Data types
• Iteration
• Selection

• Operators

Primitive data types

In computer science and computer programming, a data type or simply type is a classification of data which tells the compiler or interpreter how the programmer intends to use the data. Most programming languages support various types of data, for example: real, integer or Boolean.

The list below describes some of the more common primitive data types

• Scalar type
• Boolean
• Integers
  • Signed integers
  • Unsigned integers
• Float
• Char
• String

Common data structures

A data structure is just some organization of data that we've built into an orderly arrangement. The organization and arrangement of data can make our programs run much more efficiently. Each data structure has advantages and disadvantages. There are common data structures and abstract data structures. In general abstract data structures are advanced and more specific to a specific task.

Common data structures which are assessed by the IB

• Arrays
• two-dimensional arrays
• Collections
• Linked list
• Objects

Common data structures which are not assessed by the IB

• Lists
• Dictionaries
• Sets
• Tuple

Abstract data structures which are assessed by the IB

For a deeper understanding of abstract data structures, please see this page: Abstract data structures

• stack
• queue
• linked list
• tree
• binary tree

Python

• Please visit our python programming page

Programming Paradigms

• Object-Oriented Programming (Separation of concerns)
• Procedural programming
• Declarative programming
• Functional programming
• Imperative programming

Advanced Programming

• Regular expressions
• Artificial Intelligence
• API
• Robotics
• Working with files
• Working with databases
• Graphical User Interfaces
• Hashing
• Blockchain
• Genetic Algorithms
• Machine learning

A natural number, a negative of a natural number, or zero.

Give a sequence of brief answers with no explanation.