Web Science
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Web Science[1]
What is the web? How is the web made? This section delves into core components of the world-wide-web. It is likely you use the web every day. Like everything in computer science, we want you to understand the depth of this topic.
The big ideas in Web Science[edit]
Web Science[edit]
The world wide web is a complicated system, made of different parts. You will learn how these different parts work.
Creating the web[edit]
- The internet and World Wide Web
- How the web is evolving
- HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS
- Uniform resource identifier (URI) and URL
- DNS
- Network Protocols
- Components of a web page
- Protocols and standards on the web
- Different types of web page
- Static web page and a dynamic web page
- Web browsers
- Client-side scripting and server-side scripting
- Common gateway interface (CGI)
- Structure of different types of web pages
Searching the Web[edit]
- Search engine
- Search engine optimization
- Ethics in search engines
- Future challenges to search engines
- Surface web and deep web
- Principles of searching algorithms used by search engines
- Web crawler functions
- Meta-tags
- Parallel web crawling
- Web-indexing
Distributed approaches to the web[edit]
- Mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing
- Interoperability and open standards
- Distributed networks
- Decentralization of the web
- lossless and lossy compression
- decompression software in the transfer of information
The evolving web[edit]
- Online interaction and social networking
- Cloud computing and client-server architecture
- Cloud computing for specified organizations
- Copyright and intellectual property on the web
- Privacy, identification and authentication
- Network architecture, protocols and standards in future development
- Unregulated monopolies
- The decentralized and democratic web
Analyzing the web[edit]
- The web as a directed graph
- Web graph and sub-graphs
- Graph theory and connectivity of the web
- Search engines, web crawling and web graph
- Power laws and predicting the development of the web
Semantic web[edit]
- Semantic Web
- Text-web and the multimedia-web
- Ontology and folksonomy
- Folksonomies and emergent social structures
- Expressivity and usability on the semantic web
- Methods of searching for information
- Ambient intelligence and collective intelligence
Standards[edit]
- Distinguish between the internet and World Wide Web (web).
- Describe how the web is constantly evolving.
- Identify the characteristics of the following: HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS.
- Identify the characteristics of a uniform resource identifier (URI) URL.
- Describe the purpose of a URL.
- Describe how a domain name server functions.
- Identify the characteristics of the internet protocol (IP) transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP).
- Outline the different components of a web page.
- Explain the importance of protocols and standards on the web.
- Describe the different types of web page.
- Explain the differences between a static web page and a dynamic web page.
- Explain the functions of a browser.
- Evaluate the use of client-side scripting and server-side scripting in web pages.
- Describe how web pages can be connected to underlying data sources.
- Describe the function of the common gateway interface (CGI).
- Evaluate the structure of different types of web pages.
- Define the term search engine.
- Distinguish between the surface web and the deep web.
- Outline the principles of searching algorithms used by search engines.
- Describe how a web crawler functions.
- Discuss the relationship between data in a meta-tag and how it is accessed by a web crawler.
- Discuss the use of parallel web crawling.
- Outline the purpose of web-indexing in search engines.
- Suggest how web developers can create pages that appear more prominently in search engine results.
- Describe the different metrics used by search engines.
- Explain why the effectiveness of a search engine is determined by the assumptions made when developing it.
- Discuss the use of white hat and black hat search engine optimization.
- Outline future challenges to search engines as the web continues to grow.
- Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing.
- Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing.
- Distinguish between interoperability and open standards.
- Describe the range of hardware used by distributed networks.
- Explain why distributed systems may act as a catalyst to a greater decentralization of the web.
- Distinguish between lossless and lossy compression.
- Evaluate the use of decompression software in the transfer of information.
- Discuss how the web has supported new methods of online interaction such as social networking.
- Describe how cloud computing is different from a client-server architecture.
- Discuss the effects of the use of cloud computing for specified organizations.
- Discuss the management of issues such as copyright and intellectual property on the web.
- Describe the interrelationship between privacy, identification and authentication.
- Describe the role of network architecture, protocols and standards in the future development of the web.
- Explain why the web may be creating unregulated monopolies.
- Discuss the effects of a decentralized and democratic web.
- Describe how the web can be represented as a directed graph.
- Outline the difference between the web graph and sub-graphs.
- Describe the main features of the web graph such as bowtie structure, strongly connected core (SCC), diameter.
- Explain the role of graph theory in determining the connectivity of the web.
- Explain that search engines and web crawling use the web graph to access information.
- Discuss whether power laws are appropriate to predict the development of the web.
- Distinguish between the text-web and the multimedia-web.
- Describe the aims of the semantic web.
- Distinguish between an ontology and folksonomy.
- Describe how folksonomies and emergent social structures are changing the web.
- Explain why there needs to be a balance between expressivity and usability on the semantic web.
- Evaluate methods of searching for information on the web.
- Distinguish between ambient intelligence and collective intelligence.
- Discuss how ambient intelligence can be used to support people.
- Explain how collective intelligence can be applied to complex issues.