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[[file:Connection.png|right|frame|Web Science<ref>http://www.flaticon.com/</ref>]] | [[file:Connection.png|right|frame|Web Science<ref>http://www.flaticon.com/</ref>]] | ||
What is the web? How is the web made? This section delves into '''core components''' of the world-wide-web. | What is the web? How is the web made? This section delves into '''core components''' of the world-wide-web. It is likely you use the web every day. Like everything in computer science, we want you to understand the '''depth of this topic'''. | ||
== The big ideas in Web Science == | == The big ideas in Web Science == | ||
=== Web | |||
=== Developing the Web === | |||
Please note this section is not linked to the IB option of web science. | |||
* [[Local and remote hosts]] | |||
* [[User interface mockups]] | |||
* [[API]] | |||
* [[JSON]] | |||
* [[Web front-end libraries]] (also [[web frameworks]]) | |||
Everything below this section IS linked to the IB computer science option. | |||
=== Creating the web === | === Creating the web === | ||
* [[The internet and World Wide Web]] | |||
* [[How the web is evolving]] | |||
* [[HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS]] | |||
* [[Uniform resource identifier (URI) and URL]] | |||
* [[DNS]] | |||
* [[Network Protocols]] | |||
* [[Components of a web page]] | |||
* [[Protocols and standards on the web]] | |||
* [[Different types of web pages]] | |||
* [[Static web page and a dynamic web page]] | |||
* [[Web browsers]] | |||
* [[Client-side scripting and server-side scripting]] | |||
* [[Connecting to underlying data sources]] ([[Databases]]) | |||
* [[Common gateway interface (CGI)]] | |||
* [[Structure of different types of web pages]] | |||
=== Searching the Web === | === Searching the Web === | ||
* [[Search engine]] | |||
* [[Principles of searching algorithms used by search engines]] | |||
* [[Web crawler functions]] | |||
* [[Meta-tags]] | |||
* [[Web-indexing]] | |||
* [[Metrics used by search engines]] | |||
* [[Search engine optimization]] | |||
* [[Future challenges to search engines]] | |||
* [[Surface web and deep web]] | |||
* [[Parallel web crawling]] | |||
=== Distributed approaches to the web === | === Distributed approaches to the web === | ||
* [[Content delivery network]] | |||
* [[Mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing]] | |||
* [[Interoperability and open standards]] | |||
* [[Distributed networks]] | |||
* [[Decentralization of the web]] | |||
* [[lossless and lossy compression]] | |||
* [[decompression software in the transfer of information]] | |||
=== The evolving web === | === The evolving web === | ||
=== | |||
=== | * [[Online interaction and social networking]] | ||
* [[Cloud computing and client-server architecture]] | |||
* [[Cloud computing for specified organizations]] | |||
* [[Copyright and intellectual property on the web]] | |||
* [[Privacy, identification and authentication]] | |||
* [[Network architecture, protocols and standards in future development]] | |||
* [[Unregulated monopolies]] | |||
* [[The decentralized and democratic web]] | |||
=== Analyzing the web (HL Only) === | |||
* [[The web as a directed graph]] | |||
* [[Web graph and sub-graphs]] | |||
* [[Graph theory and connectivity of the web]] | |||
* [[Search engines, web crawling and web graph]] | |||
* [[Power laws and predicting the development of the web]] | |||
=== Intelligent web (HL Only) === | |||
* [[Semantic Web]] | |||
* [[Text-web and the multimedia-web]] | |||
* [[Ontology and folksonomy]] | |||
* [[Folksonomies and emergent social structures]] | |||
* [[Expressivity and usability on the semantic web]] | |||
* [[Methods of searching for information]] | |||
* [[Ambient intelligence and collective intelligence]] | |||
== Standards == | == Standards == | ||
* Distinguish between the internet and World Wide Web (web). | ==== Creating the Web ==== | ||
* Describe how the web is constantly evolving. | * Distinguish between the internet and World Wide Web (web). | ||
* Identify the characteristics of the following: HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS. | * Describe how the web is constantly evolving. | ||
* Identify the characteristics of a uniform resource identifier (URI) URL. | * Identify the characteristics of the following: HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS. | ||
* Describe the purpose of a URL. | * Identify the characteristics of a uniform resource identifier (URI) URL. | ||
* Describe how a domain name server functions. | * Describe the purpose of a URL. | ||
* Identify the characteristics of the internet protocol (IP) transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP). | * Describe how a domain name server functions. | ||
* Outline the different components of a web page. | * Identify the characteristics of the internet protocol (IP) transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP). | ||
* Explain the importance of protocols and standards on the web. | * Outline the different components of a web page. | ||
* Describe the different types of web page. | * Explain the importance of protocols and standards on the web. | ||
* Explain the differences between a static web page and a dynamic web page. | * Describe the different types of web page. | ||
* Explain the functions of a browser. | * Explain the differences between a static web page and a dynamic web page. | ||
* Evaluate the use of client-side scripting and server-side scripting in web pages. | * Explain the functions of a browser. | ||
* Describe how web pages can be connected to underlying data sources. | * Evaluate the use of client-side scripting and server-side scripting in web pages. | ||
* Describe the function of the common gateway interface (CGI). | * Describe how web pages can be connected to underlying data sources. | ||
* Evaluate the structure of different types of web pages. | * Describe the function of the common gateway interface (CGI). | ||
* Define the term search engine. | * Evaluate the structure of different types of web pages. | ||
* Distinguish between the surface web and the deep web. | ==== Search ==== | ||
* Outline the principles of searching algorithms used by search engines. | * Define the term search engine. | ||
* Describe how a web crawler functions. | * Distinguish between the surface web and the deep web. | ||
* Discuss the relationship between data in a meta-tag and how it is accessed by a web crawler. | * Outline the principles of searching algorithms used by search engines. | ||
* Discuss the use of parallel web crawling. | * Describe how a web crawler functions. | ||
* Outline the purpose of web-indexing in search engines. | * Discuss the relationship between data in a meta-tag and how it is accessed by a web crawler. | ||
* Suggest how web developers can create pages that appear more prominently in search engine results. | * Discuss the use of parallel web crawling. | ||
* Describe the different metrics used by search engines. | * Outline the purpose of web-indexing in search engines. | ||
* Explain why the effectiveness of a search engine is determined by the assumptions made when developing it. | * Suggest how web developers can create pages that appear more prominently in search engine results. | ||
* Discuss the use of white hat and black hat search engine optimization. | * Describe the different metrics used by search engines. | ||
* Outline future challenges to search engines as the web continues to grow. | * Explain why the effectiveness of a search engine is determined by the assumptions made when developing it. | ||
* Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing. | * Discuss the use of white hat and black hat search engine optimization. | ||
* Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing. | * Outline future challenges to search engines as the web continues to grow. | ||
* Distinguish between interoperability and open standards. | ==== Distributed approaches to the web ==== | ||
* Describe the range of hardware used by distributed networks. | * Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing. | ||
* Explain why distributed systems may act as a catalyst to a greater decentralization of the web. | * Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing. | ||
* Distinguish between lossless and lossy compression. | * Distinguish between interoperability and open standards. | ||
* Evaluate the use of decompression software in the transfer of information. | * Describe the range of hardware used by distributed networks. | ||
* Discuss how the web has supported new methods of online interaction such as social networking. | * Explain why distributed systems may act as a catalyst to a greater decentralization of the web. | ||
* Describe how cloud computing is different from a client-server architecture. | * Distinguish between lossless and lossy compression. | ||
* Discuss the effects of the use of cloud computing for specified organizations. | * Evaluate the use of decompression software in the transfer of information. | ||
* Discuss the management of issues such as copyright and intellectual property on the web. | ==== The evolving web ==== | ||
* Describe the interrelationship between privacy, identification and authentication. | * Discuss how the web has supported new methods of online interaction such as social networking. | ||
* Describe the role of network architecture, protocols and standards in the future development of the web. | * Describe how cloud computing is different from a client-server architecture. | ||
* Explain why the web may be creating unregulated monopolies. | * Discuss the effects of the use of cloud computing for specified organizations. | ||
* Discuss the effects of a decentralized and democratic web. | * Discuss the management of issues such as copyright and intellectual property on the web. | ||
* Describe how the web can be represented as a directed graph. | * Describe the interrelationship between privacy, identification and authentication. | ||
* Outline the difference between the web graph and sub-graphs. | * Describe the role of network architecture, protocols and standards in the future development of the web. | ||
* Describe the main features of the web graph such as bowtie structure, strongly connected core (SCC), diameter. | * Explain why the web may be creating unregulated monopolies. | ||
* Explain the role of graph theory in determining the connectivity of the web. | * Discuss the effects of a decentralized and democratic web. | ||
* Explain that search engines and web crawling use the web graph to access information. | ==== Analyzing the web (HL) ==== | ||
* Discuss whether power laws are appropriate to predict the development of the web. | |||
* Distinguish between the text-web and the multimedia-web. | * Describe how the web can be represented as a directed graph. | ||
* Describe the aims of the semantic web. | * Outline the difference between the web graph and sub-graphs. | ||
* Distinguish between an ontology and folksonomy. | * Describe the main features of the web graph such as bowtie structure, strongly connected core (SCC), diameter. | ||
* Describe how folksonomies and emergent social structures are changing the web. | * Explain the role of graph theory in determining the connectivity of the web. | ||
* Explain why there needs to be a balance between expressivity and usability on the semantic web. | * Explain that search engines and web crawling use the web graph to access information. | ||
* Evaluate methods of searching for information on the web. | * Discuss whether power laws are appropriate to predict the development of the web. | ||
* Distinguish between ambient intelligence and collective intelligence. | |||
* Discuss how ambient intelligence can be used to support people. | ==== Semantic web (HL) ==== | ||
* Explain how collective intelligence can be applied to complex issues. | |||
* Distinguish between the text-web and the multimedia-web. | |||
* Describe the aims of the semantic web. | |||
* Distinguish between an ontology and folksonomy. | |||
* Describe how folksonomies and emergent social structures are changing the web. | |||
* Explain why there needs to be a balance between expressivity and usability on the semantic web. | |||
* Evaluate methods of searching for information on the web. | |||
* Distinguish between ambient intelligence and collective intelligence. | |||
* Discuss how ambient intelligence can be used to support people. | |||
* Explain how collective intelligence can be applied to complex issues. | |||
== References == | == References == |
Latest revision as of 09:29, 29 December 2022
![](/images/2/24/Connection.png)
Web Science[1]
What is the web? How is the web made? This section delves into core components of the world-wide-web. It is likely you use the web every day. Like everything in computer science, we want you to understand the depth of this topic.
The big ideas in Web Science[edit]
Developing the Web[edit]
Please note this section is not linked to the IB option of web science.
- Local and remote hosts
- User interface mockups
- API
- JSON
- Web front-end libraries (also web frameworks)
Everything below this section IS linked to the IB computer science option.
Creating the web[edit]
- The internet and World Wide Web
- How the web is evolving
- HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS
- Uniform resource identifier (URI) and URL
- DNS
- Network Protocols
- Components of a web page
- Protocols and standards on the web
- Different types of web pages
- Static web page and a dynamic web page
- Web browsers
- Client-side scripting and server-side scripting
- Connecting to underlying data sources (Databases)
- Common gateway interface (CGI)
- Structure of different types of web pages
Searching the Web[edit]
- Search engine
- Principles of searching algorithms used by search engines
- Web crawler functions
- Meta-tags
- Web-indexing
- Metrics used by search engines
- Search engine optimization
- Future challenges to search engines
- Surface web and deep web
- Parallel web crawling
Distributed approaches to the web[edit]
- Content delivery network
- Mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing
- Interoperability and open standards
- Distributed networks
- Decentralization of the web
- lossless and lossy compression
- decompression software in the transfer of information
The evolving web[edit]
- Online interaction and social networking
- Cloud computing and client-server architecture
- Cloud computing for specified organizations
- Copyright and intellectual property on the web
- Privacy, identification and authentication
- Network architecture, protocols and standards in future development
- Unregulated monopolies
- The decentralized and democratic web
Analyzing the web (HL Only)[edit]
- The web as a directed graph
- Web graph and sub-graphs
- Graph theory and connectivity of the web
- Search engines, web crawling and web graph
- Power laws and predicting the development of the web
Intelligent web (HL Only)[edit]
- Semantic Web
- Text-web and the multimedia-web
- Ontology and folksonomy
- Folksonomies and emergent social structures
- Expressivity and usability on the semantic web
- Methods of searching for information
- Ambient intelligence and collective intelligence
Standards[edit]
Creating the Web[edit]
- Distinguish between the internet and World Wide Web (web).
- Describe how the web is constantly evolving.
- Identify the characteristics of the following: HTTP, HTTPS, HTML, URL, XML, XSLT, CSS.
- Identify the characteristics of a uniform resource identifier (URI) URL.
- Describe the purpose of a URL.
- Describe how a domain name server functions.
- Identify the characteristics of the internet protocol (IP) transmission control protocol (TCP) file transfer protocol (FTP).
- Outline the different components of a web page.
- Explain the importance of protocols and standards on the web.
- Describe the different types of web page.
- Explain the differences between a static web page and a dynamic web page.
- Explain the functions of a browser.
- Evaluate the use of client-side scripting and server-side scripting in web pages.
- Describe how web pages can be connected to underlying data sources.
- Describe the function of the common gateway interface (CGI).
- Evaluate the structure of different types of web pages.
Search[edit]
- Define the term search engine.
- Distinguish between the surface web and the deep web.
- Outline the principles of searching algorithms used by search engines.
- Describe how a web crawler functions.
- Discuss the relationship between data in a meta-tag and how it is accessed by a web crawler.
- Discuss the use of parallel web crawling.
- Outline the purpose of web-indexing in search engines.
- Suggest how web developers can create pages that appear more prominently in search engine results.
- Describe the different metrics used by search engines.
- Explain why the effectiveness of a search engine is determined by the assumptions made when developing it.
- Discuss the use of white hat and black hat search engine optimization.
- Outline future challenges to search engines as the web continues to grow.
Distributed approaches to the web[edit]
- Define the terms: mobile computing, ubiquitous computing, peer-2-peer network, grid computing.
- Compare the major features of: mobile computing ubiquitous computing peer-2-peer network grid computing.
- Distinguish between interoperability and open standards.
- Describe the range of hardware used by distributed networks.
- Explain why distributed systems may act as a catalyst to a greater decentralization of the web.
- Distinguish between lossless and lossy compression.
- Evaluate the use of decompression software in the transfer of information.
The evolving web[edit]
- Discuss how the web has supported new methods of online interaction such as social networking.
- Describe how cloud computing is different from a client-server architecture.
- Discuss the effects of the use of cloud computing for specified organizations.
- Discuss the management of issues such as copyright and intellectual property on the web.
- Describe the interrelationship between privacy, identification and authentication.
- Describe the role of network architecture, protocols and standards in the future development of the web.
- Explain why the web may be creating unregulated monopolies.
- Discuss the effects of a decentralized and democratic web.
Analyzing the web (HL)[edit]
- Describe how the web can be represented as a directed graph.
- Outline the difference between the web graph and sub-graphs.
- Describe the main features of the web graph such as bowtie structure, strongly connected core (SCC), diameter.
- Explain the role of graph theory in determining the connectivity of the web.
- Explain that search engines and web crawling use the web graph to access information.
- Discuss whether power laws are appropriate to predict the development of the web.
Semantic web (HL)[edit]
- Distinguish between the text-web and the multimedia-web.
- Describe the aims of the semantic web.
- Distinguish between an ontology and folksonomy.
- Describe how folksonomies and emergent social structures are changing the web.
- Explain why there needs to be a balance between expressivity and usability on the semantic web.
- Evaluate methods of searching for information on the web.
- Distinguish between ambient intelligence and collective intelligence.
- Discuss how ambient intelligence can be used to support people.
- Explain how collective intelligence can be applied to complex issues.